History of End User Programming

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Sixties

Inside the Sixties Dartmouth BASIC programming language [7] was designed and utilized at Dartmouth Faculty by John Kemeny and Thomas Kurtz. Over time BASIC grew to develop into a most well-liked language for home prospects, and enterprise use, it launched many people to programming as a ardour or career. A lot of the trendy concepts of laptop graphics, dynamic objects and object oriented programming have been prototyped by Ivan Sutherland in 1963 in Sketchpad [13][14]. Inside the mid Sixties Seymour Papert, a mathematician who had been working with Piaget in Geneva, obtained right here to america the place he co-founded the MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory with Marvin Minsky. Papert labored with the group from Bolt, Beranek and Newman, led by Wallace Feurzeig that created the first mannequin of Model [25] in 1967. Inside the late sixties Alan Kay [2][3][17] used the time interval ‘non-public laptop’ and created an concept prototype, the FLEX Machine, he moreover envisaged a ‘Dynabook’ machine, the sketches for this look much like the laptop computer laptop laptop methods of present years. The Simula [28] language was developed by Ole-Johan Dahl and Kristen Nygaard and this included Object-Oriented concepts. Douglas Engelbert’s labored on a enterprise to bolster the human thoughts, as part of the Improve [8] enterprise he show Hypertext and video conferencing.

Nineteen Seventies

Alan Kay joined the Xerox Palo Alto Evaluation Coronary heart (PARC) [17][19] California in 1971. All by means of the seventies the group at PARC led by Dr. Kay developed an built-in programming language and programming environment known as Smalltalk [10]. Inside the early seventies the Alto non-public laptop was created on the PARC. The Alto in the end featured the world’s first What-You-See-Is-What-You-Get (WYSIWYG) editor, a enterprise mouse for enter, a graphical client interface (GUI), and bit-mapped present, and provided menus and icons, and linked to a neighborhood area neighborhood. The Alto supplied the inspiration for Xerox’s STAR 8010 Information System. There was nonetheless a should uncover a widespread use for a personal laptop that can improve the demand for it. In 1978, Harvard Enterprise College pupil, Daniel Bricklin, obtained right here up with the thought for an interactive seen calculator. Bricklin and Bob Frankston then co-invented the software program program program VisiCalc [1]. VisiCalc was a spreadsheet, and the first ‘killer’ software program for personal laptop methods as this software program supplied a justification for using non-public laptop methods as a productive software program.

Nineteen Eighties

By way of the Nineteen Eighties possession of personal laptop methods grew to develop into an increasing number of well-liked and plenty of home prospects programmed using BASIC. Inside the early eighties IBM developed the first non-public laptop constructed from off the shelf parts (known as open construction) [15]. This included a command line working system written by Microsoft and the Microsoft BASIC programming language. Apple developed the GUI further for the Lisa [5] that later grew to develop into the Macintosh (Mac). The IBM style PC grew to develop into hottest for enterprise functions, whereas the Apple Mac was usually used for Desktop publishing.

Nineteen Nineties

End Particular person Programming evaluation has continued to the present day. Evaluation has continued in strategies of Seen Programming [9] e.g. Alice [4], Programming by Occasion [2][21], programming with automated assist [20], and Pure Language Programming [27]. Squeak and Croquet[6] have developed from the early work in Smalltalk.

Tim Berners-Lee [23] developed HyperText Markup Language (HTML), and has been involved with the World Broad Web Consortium (W3C) [29] in rising necessities base languages for the Web. This has impressed the growth of the ‘Semantic Web’ [11] which allows every folks and laptop methods to go searching and work along with pages further and so impressed the occasion of interactive web pages and communities.

2000s

Newest, present and future evaluation can permit utilizing semantic web utilized sciences, (developed from HTML by Tim Berners-Lee [23] and others), to permit End Particular person Programming. This fusion of study and utilized sciences is illustrated by Henry Lieberman’s home internet web page [12] which has explanations of every areas of study. Examples of this fusion embody Protégé [22], Jena [16], TopBraid Composer [24], and OpenCyc [18]. Particulars about these utilized sciences is obtainable in my semantic web internet web page – http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/amrc/seeds/PeterHale/RDF/RDF.htm. A related enchancment is that of web 2.0. Seen enchancment environments based totally on AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript And XML) [26] goal to breed on the web, the efficiency supplied by office devices harking back to Excel (which is normally used as an End Particular person Programming Ambiance). Particulars about Ajax and Web 2.0 is obtainable in my Ajax/web2.0 internet web page – http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/amrc/seeds/Ajax/ajax.htm.

References

1. A Transient Historic previous of Spreadsheets – http://dssresources.com/history/sshistory.html – Decision Assist System Sources – by D. J. Vitality, Editor, DSSResources.COM.

2. Alan Kay – http://www.acypher.com/wwid/FrontMatter/index.html – Watch What I Do – Programming by Occasion.

3. Alan Kay ETech 2003 presentation – http://www.lisarein.com/alankay/tour.html – Lisa Rein’s Tour Of Alan Kay’s Etech 2003 Presentation.

4. Alice v2.0 – http://www.alice.org/ – Research to Program Interactive 3D Graphics.

5. Apple Lisa – http://fp3.antelecom.net/gcifu/applemuseum/lisa2.html – The First Cheap GUI – Lisa 1 Jan-83 Jan-84, Lisa 2 Jan-84 Apr-85.

6. Croquet – http://www.opencroquet.org/ – a model new open provide software program program platform for creating deeply collaborative multi-user on-line functions.

7. Dartmouth BASIC – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dartmouth_BASIC – Wikipedia.

8. The Demo – http://sloan.stanford.edu/mousesite/1968Demo.html – Stanford Faculty.

9. Dmoz Open Itemizing Problem – http://dmoz.org/Computers/Programming/Languages/Visual/ – Seen Languages – Programming Languages Reference – Seen Languages.

10. The Early Historic previous Of Smalltalk by Alan Kay – http://www.smalltalk.org/smalltalk/TheEarlyHistoryOfSmalltalk_II.html – 1967-69–The FLEX Machine, a main strive at an OOP-based non-public laptop – Alan Kay – Smalltalk.org.

11. Fifteen Years of the Web – http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/5243862.stm – Net Timeline – BBC Know-how.

12. Henry Lieberman – http://web.media.mit.edu/~lieber/ – Evaluation Scientist – MIT Media Laboratory.

13. Historic previous of HCI – http://www.idemployee.id.tue.nl/g.w.m.rauterberg/presentations/HCI-history – Key packages, people and ideas – Presentation by Matthias Rauterberg.

14. Historic previous of HCI – Sketchpad (1963) – http://www.idemployee.id.tue.nl/g.w.m.rauterberg/presentations/HCI-history/sld020.htm – Ivan Sutherland – MIT Lab – Presentation by Matthias Rauterberg.

15. Inventors of the Modern Computer – http://inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aa031599.htm -The Historic previous of the IBM PC – Worldwide Enterprise Machines.

16. Jena – [http://jena.hpl.hp.com/juc2006/proceedings.html] – First Jena Particular person Conference – Proceedings.

17. Kyoto Prize Laureates 2004 – [http://www.kyotoprize.org/commentary_kay.htm] – 2004 Kyoto Prize Laureates – Dr. Alan Curtis Kay (U.S.A., b. 1940) – Computer Scientist, President, Viewpoints Evaluation Institute.

18. OpenCyc – http://www.opencyc.org/ – OpenCyc.org – Regular info base and commonsense reasoning engine.

19. Palo Alto Evaluation Coronary heart (PARC) – Historic previous – [http://www.parc.xerox.com/about/history/default.html] – PARC Historic previous.

20. The Programmer’s Apprentice – http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=87912&dl=ACM&coll=GUIDE – The ACM Digital Library.

21. Programming by Occasion – http://web.media.mit.edu/~lieber/PBE/index.html.

22. Protege – http://protege.stanford.edu/ – Protégé Residence – Ontology Enchancment Ambiance.

23. Tim Berners – [http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/Lee] – Tim Berners-Lee.

24. TopBraid – http://www.topbraidcomposer.com/ – Semantic Modeling Toolset – Seen modeling environment.

25. What’s Model? – http://el.media.mit.edu/Logo-foundation/logo/index.html – MIT Model Foundation, What’s Model.

26. Wikipedia – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajax_%28programming%29 – Ajax (programming).

27. Wikipedia – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_language_and_computation – Pure language processing.

28. Simula – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simula – Simula.

29. World Broad Web Consortium (W3C) – http://www.w3.org – Foremost the Web to Its Full Potential….

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